The Spanish Water Dog, or Perro de Agua Español, an ancient breed hailing from the Iberian Peninsula, has gained international attention for its unique "dual-purpose" abilities and loyal temperament. This medium-sized dog, standing 40-50 cm tall and weighing 14-22 kg, boasts a curly, wool-like coat in white, black, brown, or bicolor patterns. Its hypoallergenic and low-maintenance fur makes it a popular choice for families12.

While its exact origin remains debated, genetic evidence suggests the breed was introduced to Spain by North African Moors or Turkish traders, with documented roles in herding and fishing as early as 1100 AD112. Coastal populations excelled at diving (recorded depths of 6 meters) to retrieve nets and fish, while inland dogs specialized in herding sheep and cattle across mountainous terrain1. In 1975, breeders Antonio Garcia Perez and Santiago Montesinos launched conservation efforts, leading to recognition by the Spanish Kennel Club in 1985 and FCI accreditation in 199912.

Today, Spanish Water Dogs have transitioned from rural farms to diverse fields. Their acute sense of smell and agility make them vital in police narcotics and explosives detection, while their endurance has been tested in disaster relief missions, including earthquakes in Turkey and Mexico3. In the show ring, they debuted at Westminster Kennel Club in 2016 and impressed at the 2025 Irun International Dog Show with herding and swimming demonstrations89. Experts highlight their "work-driven" nature, emphasizing the need for daily mental and physical stimulation26.

Known for their 热情忠诚、聪明警觉，Spanish Water Dogs are fiercely protective of family but may exhibit herding behaviors like nipping heels, requiring early socialization13. While their curly coat minimizes shedding, regular ear cleaning is essential to prevent infections13. The AKC advises owners to provide firm leadership and structured activities to curb boredom-driven destructiveness613. As a hypoallergenic breed, they are increasingly sought after by allergy-prone households, with registrations rising 18% in 2025 across Europe and North America27.

Beyond functionality, the breed symbolizes Iberia’s cultural heritage, particularly in Trashumancia, a UNESCO-recognized seasonal livestock migration system12. With global recognition, the Spanish Water Dog has rebounded from near-obscurity, blending tradition with modern utility. As the Spanish Water Dog Club president notes, "They are living relics of history and partners for the future." (END)